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The Seventh National Development Plan departs from sectoral-based planning to an integrated (multi-sectoral) development approach under the theme “Accelerating development efforts towards the Vision 2030 without leaving anyone behind”. The integrated approach recognises the multi-faceted and interlinked nature of sustainable development which calls for interventions to be tackled simultaneously through a coordinated approach to implementing development programmes. Through the use of the integrated (multi-sectoral) development approach, the 7NDP has the advantage of considering the comparative and competitive advantages of the regions in allocation of resources towards implementation of the multi-sectoral strategies and setting in motion a series of mutually supporting activities in different sectors with the general objective of delivering the national agenda. Ultimately it is envisaged that the integrated development approach in the 7NDP will help change the focus of government line ministries and provinces from competing with each other to coordinated harmonisation (working together).

 

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Over time, it has been realized that citizens’ negative mindsets are some of the key national constraints to development and social transformation in many nations. Growth of any country’s economy is only possible if citizens play their various roles and responsibilities diligently. The wealth of society is created by the collective efforts of citizens who include workers, farmers, intellectuals and entrepreneurs, among many others. If citizens do not have a culture of hard work and sacrifice, there would be minimal economic progress the country can make in spite of progressive policies. Experience has shown that countries with an entrenched culture of hard work develop faster. In view of this, the President of the Republic, His Excellency Mr. Edgar C Lungu, during the official opening of the second session of the Twelfth National Assembly of Parliament emphasized on the need for a “change of mindset” in order for the country to achieve aspirations in the Seventh National Development Plan (7NDP 2017-2021) . This analysis focused on the role of mindset in the implementation of the 7NDP whilst also depicting the need for a mindset education Programme in Zambia.1

  1. Summation from Dictionaries

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Introduction

Education is key to driving a nation’s development agenda and has always been given high priority in Zambia. Government education policymakers around the world are increasingly aware of the positive relationship of Early Childhood Education (ECE) on a child’s further development. Several countries have implemented reforms of their early childhood systems, generally focusing on a strong emphasis on education and preparations for school (Bertram .T, 2016).

In 2014, Zambia commenced with the provision of early education in Government schools, which was previously private or church owned, with centres mainly located in urban areas. This document, provides the status of early childhood education in Zambia, following its integration into the education system. Its main focus will be on the curriculum put in place and current enrolment statistics by province. It further highlights Government’s efforts in improving ECE as well as lessons learnt from best practices.

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Introduction

The Agriculture sector is one of Zambia most important economic sectors. The sector supports the livelihood of approximately 70% of Zambians and accounts  for around 10% of  Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Activities in the sector are guided by a sectorial policy, the First being the 2004 – 2015 National Agricultural Policy (NAP).  The First NAP 2004 – 2015 focused on improving production in the Agriculture sector. During the first NAP period, production increased significantly in all the agricultural sub-sectors as revealed in Situational Analysis, however, there was minimal improvement in productivity. The lack of investment in Research and Development (R&D), technology and weak extension services have been identified as key factors affecting productivity.

The launch of the Second National Agricultural Policy (NAP) 2016 -2020 seeks to address the challenges faced during the implementation of the First NAP.  The Second NAP has shorter duration of 5 years compared to the First NAP that ran for 12 years. The shorter duration conforms to standard policy durations of 5 years, further, the reduced time periods provides for better monitoring and evaluation (M&E).  The Second NAP focuses on ten strategic objectives that include objectives promoting productivity, promoting R&D, strengthening training, promoting markets (inputs and outputs), private sector participation, nutrition and food security.

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On the 3rd of  March 2017, Zambia finally launched the long-awaited National Climate Change Policy aimed at stemming the impact of climate change and subsequent reduction of the country’s annual economic growth due to crop failure and the impact of climate change on energy production.

The National Climate Change Policy is an important policy development that introduces a well-structured and coordinated national strategy to effectively tackle the adverse effects of climate change. The policy is driven by the Ministry of  National Development and Planning, represents a document that was developed through a broad based consultative process involving all key stakeholders to ensure stronger collaboration among the ministries that have a role to play in climate change mitigation and adaptation, and special consideration towards vulnerable groups such as poor rural women, children and the youth in Zambia.

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The preparation of the “Rio+20” United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) was held in Rio de Janeiro, for the period 20-22 June 2012  on development and refinement of the institutional framework for Sustainable Development and Advancement of the “Green  Economy1” concept it was during this conference that strong opposition was presented to the Rio+20 preparatory process by coastal and island developing countries who felt the Green Economy approach did not apply to their economic situations and development agenda. This led to the advocacy and proposition of the concept of the “Blue Economy” approach which has a focus on the relevance of the oceans and seas. The coastal and island developing countries have advocated for the recognition of the Blue Economy and the relevance it plays in development. These countries argue the fact that the Blue Economy offers an approach to sustainable development better suited for their circumstances, constraints and challenges. The Blue Economy encompasses various sectors including Transport, Fisheries and Aquaculture, as well as Tourism. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization FAO, fish provides more than 4.2 billion people with more than 15% of their animal protein intake (FAO, 2014) and about 90% of International trade transportation is done by sea, thus oceans, seas, lakes and rivers play an important role in economic and social development.2

 

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